富马酸替诺福韦的副作用可能包括肾功能损害、乳酸酸中毒、神经病变、贫血以及骨质疏松。使用该药物前应评估潜在风险并监测相关症状。
1.肾功能损害
肾功能损害是因为药物本身或其代谢产物对肾脏造成毒性作用。可能导致尿量减少、水肿等，严重时可引起急性肾衰竭。
2.乳酸酸中毒
乳酸酸中毒是由于机体无法有效利用葡萄糖导致乳酸积累过多而引起的电解质紊乱。该情况会导致血液中乳酸浓度升高，超过肝脏处理能力后会引起器官功能障碍和组织损伤。
3.神经病变
Neurotoxicity of tenofovir is due to its interference with the normal function of nerve cells.Treatment with tenofovir may lead to numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hands and feet, as well as difficulty with coordination and balance.
4.贫血
Anemia can be caused by the reduction of hemoglobin synthesis induced by tenofovir.The symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pale skin.
5.骨质疏松
Osteoporosis occurs because of the inhibition of bone mineralization by tenofovir.Patients may experience back pain, fractures, and an increased risk of falls.
患者需要定期监测肾功能和血清肌酐水平，以早期发现并处理可能的副作用。使用富马酸替诺福韦期间应避免摄入可能增加乳酸含量的食物和饮料，如红肉和高糖食品。
1.肾功能损害
肾功能损害是因为药物本身或其代谢产物对肾脏造成毒性作用。可能导致尿量减少、水肿等，严重时可引起急性肾衰竭。
2.乳酸酸中毒
乳酸酸中毒是由于机体无法有效利用葡萄糖导致乳酸积累过多而引起的电解质紊乱。该情况会导致血液中乳酸浓度升高，超过肝脏处理能力后会引起器官功能障碍和组织损伤。
3.神经病变
Neurotoxicity of tenofovir is due to its interference with the normal function of nerve cells.Treatment with tenofovir may lead to numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hands and feet, as well as difficulty with coordination and balance.
4.贫血
Anemia can be caused by the reduction of hemoglobin synthesis induced by tenofovir.The symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pale skin.
5.骨质疏松
Osteoporosis occurs because of the inhibition of bone mineralization by tenofovir.Patients may experience back pain, fractures, and an increased risk of falls.
患者需要定期监测肾功能和血清肌酐水平，以早期发现并处理可能的副作用。使用富马酸替诺福韦期间应避免摄入可能增加乳酸含量的食物和饮料，如红肉和高糖食品。
北京大学第三医院
上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院
首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院
精蛋白锌胰岛素注射液
定坤丹
维生素D滴剂
